Latitude and longitude is a coordinate system that is used for locating any place on the globe. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but can occur near active margins, with the wac extending across 14 countries in western african, coming together in the late. Precambrian crustal structure in africa and arabia. Africa, the second largest continent, covering about onefifth of the total land surface of earth. The southwestern nigeria falls between latitude 7 0n and 10 0n and longitude 2 0e and 7 0e which is made up of rocks which are mainly precambrian in age.
Precambrian research 224 20 11 22 table 1 summary of paleomagnetic results from the widgiemooltha dykes. West africa, with an approximate 10,000metric ton t gold endowment, is one of the worlds great gold provinces and the largest paleoproterozoic goldproducing region. Oldest rocks studied are the orange river lavas 1850 my from which the three least altered sites give a vgp at 254 e, 19 n near the polar wander curve for africa at c. However, the exploration and mining is much less mature in west africa than it is in other great precambrian gold provinces, with much of the development throughout the. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from worldclass deposits.
The precambrian is so named because it preceded the cambrian, the first period of the phanerozoic eon, which is named after cambria, the latinised name for wales, where rocks from this age were first studied. Introduction there are many methods that can be used to locate ones position on the surface of the earth. Geology and metallogeny of the precambrian basement of. Precambrian ironformations of southern africa economic. Global database of paleocurrent trends through the phanerozoic and precambrian.
These zircons have been carefully studied and dated using the idtims method. Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians. The world is divided into 24 time zones, each is 15. Abstract this paper briefly summarises the geological and geomorphological history of south africa. The major stratigraphic and tectonic features of the sm basin in senegal are illustrated by. Precambriancambrian boundary at several places in the world contain tiny crystals of zircon. Evans department of geology and geophysics, yale university, p. One of the most fundamental enigmas of the earths palaeoclimate concerns the temporal and spatial distributions of precambrian glaciations. Precambrian tectonic framework and crustal structure of the southern region at the core of the precambrianframeworkof southernafrica is the archean kaapvaal and zimbabwe cratons sutured together by the archean and paleoproterozoic limpopo belt fig. One direction what makes you beautiful official video what makes you beautiful you dont know youre beautiful some nights what do i stand for savan kotecha, rami yacoub, carl falk. The basement complex of nigeria is polycyclic and retains memories of events dating back to about 3000 m. The results of our investigation of the konso pluton have significant geodynamic implications to the evolution of the mb and ans. The depth of the precambrian rock across nebraska has been interpreted by csd geologists using data from deep well oil and gas exploration wells, and other sources.
The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa paigegreen, p. Thermal thickness and evolution of precambrian lithosphere. Africa chemically precipitated rocks mineral deposits, genesis economic geology sedimentary rocks iron iron formations metals precambrian you do not currently have. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels. This history is then related to various problems affecting the construction of roads in south africa. Geologic setting of the study area the southwestern nigeria falls between latitude 7 0n and 10 0n and longitude 2 0e and 7 0e which is made up of rocks which are mainly precambrian in age. Geology and mineral resources of west africa springerlink. Geology underlain by rocks of precambrian to recent. Developments in precambrian geology neoproterozoiccambrian. Precambrian research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the earth and its planetary neighbours. A fundamental precambrianphanerozoic shift in earths.
Like most of africa, the region is largely composed of ancient precambrian rocks at least 541 million years old. Palaeomagnetism of precambrian igneous and sedimentary rocks. Africas total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles 30,365,000 square km, and the continent measures about 5,000 miles 8,000 km from north to south and about 4,600 miles 7,400 km from east to west. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. This book is dedicated to the many colleagues and the principal aim is to provide a broad view of students with whom we have worked in west africa west african geology as a whole, for undergraduates and who have stimulated and encouraged our teach who are studying for honours degrees in geology and ing and research in various ways. A common method for location includes use of landmarks and features on the earths surface. Ermelo barberton musina louis trichardt rustenburg thabazimbi vryburg pofadder port nolloth vanrhynsdorp vredenburg worcester laingsburg oudtshoorn grahamstown. The downhole depths of the various sedimentary rock formations were picked by csd geologists for more than 19,000 deep wells. The gold endowment of the eburnean gold deposits, mainly orogenic type, equals that of the worlds other great precambrian lode gold provinces.
West africa is remarkable for its geological variety. View precambrian geology research papers on academia. This old, but still common term was originally used to refer to the whole period of earths history before the formation of the oldest rocks with recognizable fossils in them. The dharwar craton, one of the parts of the indian shield, is estimated to be 3 billion years old one of the oldest continental fragments in the world. Contributions to the precambrian geology of southern africa. How to read latitude and longitude coordinates youtube. Africa latitude and longitude and relative locations. The total area is approximately 66,500 square kilometers. This book surveys the precambrian geology of peninsular india and, to some extent, the himalayas. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa.
In this book the editors strive to cover all primary i. International date line a new day begins at the international date line 180. With a focus on processoriented and comparative studies, it covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as. Box 208109, 210 whitney avenue, new haven, ct 065208109, usa. A fundamental precambrianphanerozoic shift in earths glacial style. The southern and eastern limits are determined by the kenyan, tanzanian border, the shoreline of the indian ocean and the longitude 40.
India is presently attached to the eurasian continent although it remains for now a. It is the right size, not too small or too large if too small cant hold an atmosphere, if it is too large, it has too thick of an atmosphere so sunlight cant penetrate it and is in the optimal location from the sun temperature allows for water to exist. In siberia, southwest africa, and the arabian peninsula, the boundary is very close to 542 million years old. India precambrian geochronology cratons basins abstract the precambrian geologic history of peninsular india covers nearly 3. As in other parts of africa, it suffered its most pronounced deformation and remobilisation during the pan african orogeny about 650450 m. The precambrian or precambrian, sometimes abbreviated p, or cryptozoic is the earliest part of earths history, set before the current phanerozoic eon. Edited by kent condie, elseviers developments in precambrian geology book series is designed to provide a comprehensive source of detailed information on all aspects of the precambrian, including 1 chemical, biological, biochemical and cosmochemical evolution. Palaeomagnetic results are presented for a variety of precambrian rocks from southwestern africa. For example, in the area centered at 9 o 2100 w longitude and 9 o 3400 n latitude, the kerouane nc29ix. The gold resources are concentrated within the 2250 to 2000 ma greenstone belts of the manleo shield, forming the southern part of the west african craton. Africa chemically precipitated rocks mineral deposits, genesis economic geology sedimentary rocks iron iron formations metals precambrian you do not currently have access to this article. The study area belongs to the precambrian basement complex of southwestern nigeria which lies to the rest of the west african craton in the region of late.
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