Zingiberaceae consists of 49 genera and about 0 species, out of which about 17 genera and 115 species have been reported from india. About the classification report about the classification download. Nov 11, 2017 zingiberaceae, the ginger family, in the order of zingiberales, is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, made up of approximately 1600 species of aromatic perennial herbaceous with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes. Some species are used to make perfumes and some species of this plant provide us with spices. Phylogenetic tree some plants of family zingiberaceae using. Genus curcuma has a long history of traditional uses, ranging from folk medicine to its culinary uses. Primarily herbaceous plants, but can be morphologically diverse some shrubs and succulents. A list of all accepted names in zingiberaceae is available in csv format. Perennial herbs, epiphytes or saprophytes may be terrestrial. The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers zingiberaceae. The family zingiberaceae is wellknown for its medicinal values and it is distributed widely throughout the tropics, particularly in southeast asia. Introduction the zingiberaceae is a large family of animalpollinated tropical monocotyledons. Inflorescence terminal on the leafy shoot or on the lateral shoot. Zingiberaceae family is an important natural resource that provides many useful products for food, spices, medicines, dyes, perfume and aesthetics.
The foods also include the emerging cuisines such as thai, vietnamese, indian, and moroccan, which. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants from the ginger. Pollen morphology of the family zingiberaceae in china pollen types and their significance in the taxonomy. Zingiberaceae commonly known as ginger family, is a family of flowering plants comprising more than 0 species divided into about 52 genera of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, distributed throughout tropical africa, asia, and the america. Many new taxa of zingiberaceae have been described from china since 1981. Zingiberaceae, used as traditional ayurvedic herb to get relief from indigestion, swelling, pain, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves about one meter tall bearing narrow leaf blades.
Genetic diversity, cytology, and systematic and phylogenetic. The fruits of approximately 20 species in the zingiberaceae were documented with text and drawing in detail in literature. Testing the potential of proposed dna barcodes for species. Many flowers from the aster family are cultivated as ornamentals. Some herbs are derived from zingiberaceae family has been known to have medicinal. General characteristics of the family zingiberaceae perennial rhizomatous herbs. When one consider the morphology, the genus curcuma is highly variable in taxonomically important traits. Zingiberaceae or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical africa, asia, and the americas. Members of the family zingiberaceae including turmeric, ginger, javanese ginger, and galangal have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Ginger zingiber officinale is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. The measure of family are distributed through the eastern hemisphere, particularly in indomalayan area. Zingiberaceae, the family of plants that includes ginger, is predominantly found in tropical asia, and it is primarily used in traditional medicines, spices and perfumes. The first part examines the pungent compounds and essential oil in 17 clones of ginger zingiber officinale with a view to identify one or more with unique chemistry and consequent particular therapeutic or flavouring prospects. Zingiberaceae family is the most widely grown crop in the tropics, especially southeast asia.
Members of zingiberales are widely distributed in the tropics, particularly as shade plants in evergreen tropical regions, with. Leaves distichous, simple, those toward base of plant. Morphological characteristics of genus curcuma many researchers have been studied the morphological characteristics of different species in genus curcuma. The species of the zingiberaceae family are famous for their use as spices and herbs. The family is pantropical but its distribution is clearly centered in central america dahlgren, clifford, and yeo, 1985, and only three species of costus are known from borneo maas, 1979. The leaves are alternate and distichous, the base sheathing and the blade mostly linear to elliptic with penniparallel, strongly ascending veins. These two families were treated together as gingers, because species in both the families are similar in their. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. In fact, flavonoids are considered chemosystematic markers of the order zingiberales pugialli et al.
The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers. To prepare and characterize various extracts of kaempferia galanga k. The current classification of the zingiberaceae which is based on both vegetative and floral characteristics includes four tribes. Many of the familys species are important ornamental, spice, or medicinal plants. Ornamental genera include the shell gingers, siam or summer tulip, globba, ginger lily, kaempferia, torchginger etlingera elatior, renealmia, a. The zingiberaceae are perennial herbs mostly with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes comprising about 47 genera and 1,000 species.
Kai larsen2 herbs perennial, terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, aromatic, with fleshy, tuberous or nontuberous rhizomes, often with tuberbearing roots. The ginger family consists of 53 genera and over 1200 species. These aromatic herbs grow in moist areas of the tropics and subtropics, including some regions that are seasonably dry. Numbers of plants of this family showed significant antimicrobial activities. Four tribes in family zingiberaceae were recognized namely. More than 70 species of curcuma are distributed throughout the world but extensively cultivate in asian, australian and western african counties. Curcuma amada mango gingerrhizomes having the smell of mango. It is closely related to musaceae in habit, zygomorphic flowers and inferior ovary. Maton from alpinia, amomum, and elettaria genera in the zingiberaceae family are difficult to distinguish between each other. Its members are divided into about 50 genera and distributed throughout tropical africa, asia, and the americas. The health benefits of zingiberaceae eve out of the garden. These are often little known and their relationships are not yet fully understood.
Pdf the taxonomic diversity of zingiberaceae family in. This study aims to identify the seeds of these seven species from zingiberaceae family based on comparative anatomy of microscopic characteristics. Phylogenetic tree some plants of family zingiberaceae. Habitats species of the zingiberaceae are the ground plants of the. As a conclusion, these two species have high values of phylogenic relationship 88% and bootstrap 92. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential.
The pantropical zingiberaceae is the largest family in the order zingiberales with 53 genera and over 1200 species. Traditional use of the genus renealmia and renealmia. Preclinical studies of zingiberaceae extracts have shown analgesic properties. Reduced phylogeny of required families characteristic features. The gingers family, zingiberaceae, grow vigorously in a wide range of habitats ranging from riverine to limestone area and from lowland to the upper montane regions. The asters are the largest family of flowering plants in the northern latitudes, with 920 genera and 19,000 species found worldwide, including 346 genera and 2,687 species in the u. Significance of gingers zingiberaceae in indian system of.
The genus curcumais widely distributed in tropical asia and australia. Rhizomes of the family zingiberaceae contain some important aromatic and colorproducing spices such as turmeric, ginger, galanga, krachai, cardamom, and grains of paradise. Zingiberaceae, the ginger family of flowering plants, the largest family of the order zingiberales, containing about 52 genera and more than 1,300 species. Media in category zingiberaceae the following 91 files are in this category, out of 91 total. Ginger the rhizome of zingiber officinale roscoe family zingiberaceae is globally one of the most common spices and has been used as a culinary agent for over 1,000 years in. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of. The zingiberaceae comprise the largest family in the order zingiberales. The first classification of this family was proposed in 1889 and later refined. The inflorescences bear pale yellow with purple flowers and arise directly.
Stems usually short, replaced by pseudostems formed by leaf sheaths. The family zingiberaceae is rich in substances having therapeutic value, such as flavonoids, which have been detected in several species iwashina, 2000. Classification for kingdom plantae down to family zingiberaceae. The rhizomes of an acaulescent perennial herb, kaempferia galanga linn family. In china, 51 species belong to the alpinia genus, 39 species to the amomum genus, and 1 species to the elettaria genus.
Species of zingiberaceae contained within the plant list belong to 50 plant genera. Therapeutic value of the genus alpinia, zingiberaceae. Chemical characteristics of the family this family is one of the few families of the former monocotyledons which is rich in essential oil with terpenes such as borneol, camphor and cineole all oxygencontaining monoterpenes, camphene, pinene monoterpenes and zingiberene a sesquiterpene, as well as phenylpropanoids cinnamic acid. Herbs perennial, terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, aromatic, with fleshy, tuberous or nontuberous rhizomes, often with tuberbearing roots. Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, in the order of zingiberales, is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, made up of approximately 1600 species of aromatic perennial herbaceous with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes. Ginger the rhizome of zingiber officinale roscoe family zingiberaceae is globally one of the most common spices and has been used as a culinary agent for over 1,000 years in asia fig. Zingiberaceae ginger family detail about zingiberaceae family habitat they mostly grow in damp and humid shady places. Most fruits of alpinia, amomum, and elettaria in zingiberaceae family are used in cooking and medicine in china. Economic importance of this family in traditional medicine. Many phytochemical, pharmacological and molecular studies have been conducted on several curcuma species. Numbers of plants of this family showed significant antimicrobial.
Only the orchid family is larger, but it is mostly restricted to the tropics. Gingers are important natural resources, which provide many useful products for food, spices, medicines, dyes, perfume etc. Traditional use of the genus renealmia and renealmia alpinia. Three pollination guilds and variation in floral characteristics of bornean gingers zingiberaceae and costaceae1 shoko sakai,2,3 makoto kato,4 and tamiji inoue2 2center for ecological research, kyoto university, sakyo, kyoto 6068502, japan. Zingiberaceae in kew science plants of the world online.
Williams3 2botany, mrc166, united states national herbarium, national museum of natural history, smithsonian institution, p. Extraction, characterization and evaluation of kaempferia. The field work was carried out in cooperation between pha tad ke botanical garden, singapore botanic gardens and queen sirikit botanic garden. Plants in the tropical ginger family zingiberaceae are perennial herbs that grow from tuberous rhizomes and have usually short stems that are replaced by pseudostems formed by the leaf sheaths, slightly rounded, lanceolate, or straplike leaf blades, bisexual flowers with an inferior ovary, 3 joined sepals, and 3 joined petals, and fruit in the form of capsules or berries. Significance of gingers zingiberaceae in indian system. The plant list includes 3,292 scientific plant names of species rank for the family zingiberaceae. A study of the diversity of the zingiberaceae in louang prabang province, northern laos, was conducted from 2010 to 2014. The roots, or rhizomes, run along the ground horizontally, even in the air, similar to orchids. Zingiberoideae, as treated in frps, are treated here as costaceae and zingiberaceae, respectively. Zingiberaceae are flowering perennial herbs that belong to the ginger family of about 1,000 species. On the basis of results of a phylogenetic analysis using its and matk sequences of 104 species belonging to 41 genera of zingiberaceae, kress et al.
Currently, there is an increasing demand for new ethnic foods. The flowers and bracts are much less tightly packed together than in costus, and the veins are steeply angled toward the midrib. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Zingiberales, the ginger and banana order of flowering plants, consisting of 8 families, 92 genera, and more than 2,100 species. Flowers are wind pollinated, with distinctive polyporate pollen. Note that the inflorescence stalk comes directly from the ground. Identification of seven zingiberaceous species based on. Zingiberaceae, or the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising ca. Members of zingiberales are widely distributed in the tropics, particularly as shade plants in evergreen tropical regions, with several genera being of major economic. Zingiberaceae simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This plant is important for natural resources for humans as a source of food, spices, dyes, perfumes, food preservatives, food coloring, and a source of herbal medicine 1.
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